助燃空气对乙烯裂解炉NOx排放的影响

乙烯裂解炉内复杂物理化学过程耦合模拟与优化能够满足乙烯装置对高效率、低污染和低成本的设计和操作要求，对提高乙烯工业的竞争力具有重要意义。针对简单燃烧机理难以准确预测炉膛燃烧生成NO_x浓度分布的弊端，提出了在裂解炉使用更准确的简化GRI-Mesh 3.0机理结合涡耗散概念(EDC)模型的方法，并对Sandia Flame D的燃烧过程进行计算流体力学(CFD)模拟，验证了此耦合模型的可靠性。在已建立的燃烧模型的基础上，研究了助燃空气对降低裂解炉NO排放的影响，结果表明：在满足裂解炉热效率的情况下，空气预热温度为300~600 K、过量空气系数为1.1时降低NO的效果最佳。     

Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a coal and biomass indirect coupling power generation system

The coal and biomass coupling power generation technology is considered as a promising technology for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this paper, a novel coal and biomass indirect coupling system is proposed based on the technology of biomass gasification and co-combustion of coal and gasification gas. For the sake of comparison, a coal and biomass direct coupling system is also introduced based on the technology of co-combustion of coal and biomass. The process of the direct and the indirect coupling system is simulated. The thermodynamic and economic performances of two systems are analyzed and compared. The simulation indicates that the thermodynamic performance of the indirect coupling system is slightly worse, but the economic performance is better than that of the direct coupling system. When the blending ratio of biomass is 20%, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the indirect coupling system are 42.70% and 41.14%, the internal rate of return (IRR) and discounted payback period (DPP) of the system are 25.68% and 8.56 years. The price fluctuation of fuels and products has a great influence on the economic performance of the indirect coupling system. The environmental impact analysis indicates that the indirect coupling system can inhibit the propagation of NO_x and reduce the environmental cost.     

A miniature triaxial apparatus for investigating the micromechanics of granular soils with in situ X-ray micro-tomography scanning

The development of a miniature triaxial apparatus is presented. In conjunction with an X-ray micro-tomography (termed as X-ray μCT hereafter) facility and advanced image processing techniques, this apparatus can be used for in situ investigation of the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils under shear. The apparatus allows for triaxial testing of a miniature dry sample with a size of \mathrm{8}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm}\times \mathrm{16}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm} (diameter \times height). In situ triaxial testing of a 0.4–0.8 mm Leighton Buzzard sand (LBS) under a constant confining pressure of 500 kPa is presented. The evolutions of local porosities (i.e., the porosities of regions associated with individual particles), particle kinematics (i.e., particle translation and particle rotation) of the sample during the shear are quantitatively studied using image processing and analysis techniques. Meanwhile, a novel method is presented to quantify the volumetric strain distribution of the sample based on the results of local porosities and particle tracking. It is found that the sample, with nearly homogenous initial local porosities, starts to exhibit obvious inhomogeneity of local porosities and localization of particle kinematics and volumetric strain around the peak of deviatoric stress. In the post-peak shear stage, large local porosities and volumetric dilation mainly occur in a localized band. The developed triaxial apparatus, in its combined use of X-ray μCT imaging techniques, is a powerful tool to investigate the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils.     

基于EAHP的尾矿库溃坝风险多级模糊综合评价研究

针对尾矿库溃坝风险评价中存在群决策的主观随意性和语言模糊不确定性等问题，建立了基于可拓层次分析法（Extension Analytic Hierarchy Process， EAHP）的尾矿库溃坝风险多级模糊综合评价模 型。采用可拓区间判断矩阵全面客观地描述了各位专家对该尾矿库溃坝风险评价指标权重的模糊意见和偏好，利用各位专家与专家组意见的偏差比重确定各位专家的重要性系数，并引入一致性系数[α]和[θ]处理可 拓综合区间判断矩阵R，进而确定指标权重系数[ωj]，凸显了各位专家在尾矿库溃坝风险群决策中的不同作用，简化了可拓区间判断矩阵一致性检验过程，提高了指标权重的准确性。将建立的尾矿库溃坝风险多级模 糊综合评价模型应用于杨家湾尾矿库溃坝风险评价中。评价结果表明：该尾矿库的溃坝风险等级为安全，且坝体失稳和洪水漫顶对该尾矿库的安全影响较大，与杨家湾尾矿库日常管理的实际情况相符。该方法有效解 决了尾矿库溃坝风险分析中的权重群决策问题，既避免了专家意见的遗失，又降低了专家主观判断的随意性对评价结果带来的不利影响，提高了尾矿库溃坝风险分析的有效性。     

某油井P110油管腐蚀穿孔原因

西部油田某油井油管发生严重腐蚀甚至穿孔。通过宏观形貌和显微组织观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、拉伸和冲击性能测试、腐蚀产物检测等方法对油管失效原因进行了分析。结果表明:油管在含Cl^-、H2S、CO2酸性环境下发生了均匀腐蚀和局部腐蚀。均匀腐蚀由H2S-CO2-H2O(Cl^-)体系引起的析氢腐蚀所致;而CaCO3沉积造成的微电偶效应以及Fe^2+与地层水中Cl^-的水合作用导致了油管的局部腐蚀穿孔。建议油井管材采用具有一定抗硫性的P110-3Cr钢或耐蚀性能更优的钢,并添加缓蚀阻垢剂进行防护。     

快速灵敏的LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中阿莫西林并应用于两种制剂的一致性评价

目的: 建立快速灵敏的LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中阿莫西林浓度，并用于两种阿莫西林胶囊的一致性评价。方法: 采用岛津公司LCMS-8060型LC-MS/MS仪，以MRM模式测定阿莫西林（m/z 366.00/114.00）的浓度，d4-阿莫西林作内标（m/z 370.10/114.05），离子源为ESI源。色谱柱选用Waters ACQUITY BEH C18（2.1×50 mm，1.7 μm），梯度洗脱。血浆样本加入内标，经甲醇沉淀蛋白后取上清液进样检测。结果: 所建方法经验证，其线性、准确度、精密度、最低定量限、提取回收率、特异性、基质效应、稳定性等各项指标均符合CFDA的指导原则及最新核查标准要求，并较文献报道中的方法有处理简单、灵敏度高、色谱峰形好的优点。结论: 所建方法快速、灵敏，适用于人血浆中阿莫西林浓度的检测。用于一致性评价的样本实测，两种制剂生物等效。     

内插螺旋立式上行管流场及传热性能的实验研究

通过粒子图像测速流场实验与传热实验相结合，研究了内插螺旋立式上行管的螺旋节距、丝径、中径比等结构参数在不同Re下对流场、阻力及传热性能的影响。结果表明，内插螺旋能够有效扰动和混合管内流体，使管内形成多个纵向旋涡的流体结构、增大管壁附近液体涡量，有利于强化传热。当Re相同时，管内平均流速v、Nu和综合换热性能PEC均随丝径增大而增大，随中径比减小而增大；随节距增大，3种参数均出现增大的趋势，节距大于20 mm后开始减小。管内流体的阻力f随丝径和节距增大而减小，随中径比增大而增大。综合比较，在较低Re时，节距p=20 mm、丝径e=1.6 mm、中径比D/d=0.75时综合传热效果最好。     

罗沙司他共晶的合成、表征与理化性质研究

肾性贫血药物罗沙司他是在中国本土孵化、率先在中国获批的新药。利用溶液结晶法制备了罗沙司他-烟酰胺共晶(RDXT-N)、罗沙司他-肉桂酰胺共晶(RDXT-C)、罗沙司他-苯甲酰胺共晶(RDXT-B)以及罗沙司他-脯氨酸共晶(RDXT-P)四种共晶，并通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱分析法(¹H NMR)来表征四种共晶。对罗沙司他四个共晶的固有溶出速率、溶解度和稳定性等性质进行了研究。固有溶出速率实验表明，在pH 4.5缓冲介质中这四个共晶的溶出速率均快于罗沙司他晶型A，其中罗沙司他-肉桂酰胺共晶的溶出速率最快，接近罗沙司他晶型A的10倍。平衡溶解度实验表明，在纯水中37℃条件下溶解度最大是罗沙司他-脯氨酸共晶，是晶型A的5.3倍。影响因素稳定性实验证明，罗沙司他-肉桂酰胺共晶和罗沙司他-烟酰胺共晶有着良好的湿热稳定性和光稳定性。因此，这些罗沙司他共晶可以为新剂型设计提供选择方案。     

邻甲酚-间二甲苯-乙二醇液液平衡数据的测定与关联

乙二醇可从含芳烃组分油品中选择性萃取酚类，为支撑焦化含酚油中的酚类化合物萃取分离新工艺开发，针对其组分特点，在现有相平衡数据基础上选定代表物，利用液液平衡釜法测出常压下303.15、313.15和323.15 K时邻甲酚-间二甲苯-乙二醇体系液液相平衡数据，并利用Othmer-Tobias方程、Hand方程、Bachman方程分别进行实验数据可靠性检验，其线性相关系数的平方均大于0.99。同时分别用NRTL和UNIQUAC活度系数模型对实验数据进行关联，回归得到不同温度下的模型参数，模型计算值与实验数据对比后发现其均方根偏差小于1.8%，说明NRTL和UNIQUAC模型均可较好地描述该三元体系相平衡行为。